Online Education

Online education is defined as the education in which technology is used for exchanging ideas and providing access to many people at one time and learning may be effective. Audio, video and computer networking are used for a delivery

system. It is a type of distance learning education.

Greenberg (1998) defines the distance learning education as a planned learning method, that uses the technologies to reach at a learner presented at distance and is designed to motivate the learners and also the certification of learning.

Many terms are used in describing online education. They are: virtual education, web based education, internet based education, computer based education and many more.

It is a type of credit granting course which is delivered to the students located at remote location with the help of internet. Online courses may contain the requirement that learners and teachers meet once or regularly in lab, lectures or exam hall as long as that physical setting does not exceed more than 25% of total course time.

Historical Background

In past, online education was thought impossible, but now it becomes the reality. The internet technology has allowed us to get knowledge and learn with people of all over the world. Everyone can connect with each other all over the world with the help of internet. The online education now becomes the new field in education.

The online education has developed in the last 20 years. With the help of advance technology the online education becomes more accessible for the distant learners. The concept of distance education has been introduced in 1970s and 1980s. In the late 1970s, the satellite TV and cable are used for delivering materials of distance education course. However at present situation, the internet of high bandwidth is used to deliver the online educational courses.

With the development of newer and newer technologies, it has been expected that the computer network will play a great part of whole education.

Morality and The Social Problems

The level of conformity to moral laws meant to be morality. It shows how a person is confined to goodness and badness. It usually reflects the distinction between right and wrong. For examples, we pay due respect to our elders, which is natural law and it reflects our morality. It is our duty to follow the certain rules and regulations. The violation not only is the degradation of morality but also the crime committed against the concerned body.

What does it mean by saying ‘degrading morality?’ Actually it refers to the moral characters being not followed or being violated. Then, by whom it is violated and why? The violation is not aggregated among the certain classes of peoples but by most of all classes or almost all groups’ morality seem to be violated. There may be due to no commitment towards the goal or destination or to be extra then others or the greedy character.

Morality in itself is not a matter to give and take. Actually it arises from internal feelings, which may be eternal. If one listens to these internal feelings then he need not to be degrade his moral character. These moral characters guide him to the right path. On the hand, if one doesn’t listen to the internal feelings then he gets diverted from the moral character. This deviation, at once may not lead towards the wrong path but many, becomes a guide lines, which in long term becomes the root cause for wrong behavior.

Today we see our country in difficult situation ever felt or imagined. All the government and non governmental bodies seem corrupted. Beside these there are various social problems. The nation builder youths are too illusions. Some are going to wrong track. They are being drug addicted not only this, the crime is increasing day by day, the rape cases are highlighted by news media each day. Behind these few stated examples, there are a lot.

We can imagine, if people were moral why do they corrupt or why do they need to involve in bribery? Now it becomes the time to provide the moral education to every youth in nation. Moral education will help them to maintain their morality. They will be responsible to their family, society and finally to the nation. So the moral education now becomes one of the most important education to be provided to the young.

Providing Homework to School Children: Good or Bad

Homework helps the children to develop their reading and writing ability and their habits. Teacher provides homework for further practices about the lesson and some works and assignments. So that homework is one of the important parts of teaching learning activities.

Students are assigned some extra tasks related to lesson to be performed at their home. It is usually extension activity of what has been taught or learnt in the classroom. Homework should be appropriate in length and purposeful to achieve the objectives of lesson. Here, the teacher writes school assignments to be completed out of regular hours at the residence of pupil. There are several kinds of homework which are appropriate to the teaching items.

Homework can be in the form of:

1.       Solution of question and problems which depend on the application of the principles learnt in the school.

2.       Written exercises in language function, grammar composition and translation with a view of giving practices done in the class.

3.       Practical work, for example preparation and drawing of organs of speech, chart of articulation, flash cards, model etc.

4.       Advance preparation for the coming lessons.

These days some trainers minimize the value of homework and do not suggest providing homework to the students. They omit this point from the lesson plan too. This view can cause problem in learning. Whether or not homework should be given to the students are controversial points extreme views have been expressed regarding the usefulness of homework.
An average guardian also feels that some works should be given to the students that he should do at home. In any respect we cannot reject the role of homework in the learning. The following purposes can be put forward in the support of this view.

1. To provide students an opportunity to practices what he learnt in the school?
2. To provide opportunities to the students to work independently and thereby to develop reliance initiative in themselves.
3. To develop habits of reading and writing as well as other skills regularly.
4. To serve as a link in the parent and teacher cooperation.
5. To provide opportunities to utilize their leisure time.
6. To enable them to revise their previous lesson and prepare the next one.
7. To provide opportunities to make progress to the poor students.
8. To complete the course in time.
9. To make them obedient, diligent and responsible.
10. To provide learners with opportunities to use target language to achieve communicative purpose.

However, while providing homework the teacher should keep the following points in his/her mind. These points encourage teacher to make good question for homework.

1. The question should be clear in simple language. It should not be ambiguous, lengthy and vague.
2. It should not be set as punishment.
3. It should be relevant to the topic.
4. It should be neither too easy nor too difficult, because they will not take any interest in too easy question and will get discouraged in too difficult question.
5. A question once asked should not be repeated unless the teacher is sure that class has not followed it.
6. Teacher should try to verify the form of his question.
7. Adequate time should be allowed to answer.

Inclusive Education in Teaching

Inclusive education means including all types of children in education. The aim of inclusive education is to bring all children in the main stream of nation by giving equal opportunities in education according to their need and conditions. It is also known as universal education, accessible education, equitable education. It is a partial part of justice example and a fair justice policy to accept in society. Inclusive education includes all the weak children, road children, children for minorities group, children affected by HIV, AIDS and Leprosy, children in poverty etc. It is a medium to bring all castes, genders groups in different activities of a nation.

Many countries have defined the inclusive education as the development process of an education system that provides to all children to have useful education in non-discriminatory environment of their own community by upholding multicultural differences of the country. 

Characteristics of Inclusive Education

1. Inclusive education includes all children: boys and girls, those from different cultural or linguistic backgrounds, those with special abilities or learning needs and those affected directly or indirectly by HIV/AIDS.

2. Inclusive education is gender fair and non discriminatory.

3. Inclusive education is culturally sensitive, celebrates differences and stimulates learning for all children.

4. It promotes healthy lifestyles and life skills.

5. Families, teachers and communities are involved in children’s learning in inclusive education.

6. It promotes all children from harm violence and abuse.

7. In inclusive education learning is relevant to children’s daily lives.

How to prepare well for examination?

Preparing well during exam

is one of the most important tasks during exam time to achieve the success. Many students fail to meet their goals due to lack of well preparation. Here are some important tips that will assist will make able to achieve success in any kind of examination.

1. Sleep well

Do not study whole night; it will retard your mental energy. You need at least six hours of sleep for complete refreshes.

2.Eat well

During exam time a large amount of energy is consumed by brain so having a proper meal with sufficient nutrition is very important. Eating well will provides the required energy for your daily studies.

3.Talk to someone

During examination, thinking more will make you ill, depressed so don’t hide your feelings and problems. Say to someone about these feelings which will make you free.

4. Take Breaks

Studying continuously for a long time will make you tired and will retards your mental energy. Many studies show that concentration spans of man is about 45 minutes at a time. So take a regular break after studying, it will help you being refreshed.

5. Select the time for studying

Select the time when you feel comfortable for studying. It would be evening, morning, late night or at other time depending on your choice.

6. Exercise

Have a regular exercise during exam time that will bring you the physical and mental alertness, which will help you for effective studying.

7. Avoid the bad company

Your companies have the direct effect to your extent of studying. Having a bad company will completely spoil your study. So always join the good company and avoid bad company.

8. Be calm in examination hall

Many students fail in exam even having a well preparation for exam. One of the most important factors for this fact is due to anxiety during examination hall. So it is advised that all students should be calm and optimistic in examination hall.

Exam Preparation: Eight Study Tips

University study is entirely different than that of other levels. More specifically, in the context like ours there are many more challenges for learners and teachers. This is the stage of diving self and searching out what one has to. That is, it is important to stay caught up. So, do not tell yourself I will study it later or tomorrow. It drags you to great loss. Successful students have good study habit. They work to develop any study habits they do not have. Here are some tips to succeed in one’s exam:

1. Review the lesson plan prior class

Skim through the textbooks. Try to buy your text books a few weeks before the study begins so that you can have a glimpse for your classes. Before you attend the classes at least spend some time to see what you have to study that day. You do not understand in class if you do not review anything beforehand.

2. Do not study too much at one time

If you try to study too much at one time, you will be tired and your study won’t be so effective. So do not study too much at one time. Take a regular and short break after studying for a time, it will restore and boost up your mind.

3. Set up a specific goal

You must be completely clear about your aim during study times. Simply studying without any aim and goals has very little value. Goal will focus you to achieve the success.

4. Try to start study at same time everyday

Starting study at same times everyday will set up a routine which will become a daily work of life as like eating, sleeping etc. This will help you to become mentally prepared when the scheduled study times come up.

5. Study the chapter you find most difficult first

The difficult chapter will take most efforts. So always start the chapter which you find more difficult since this is when you have more mental energy. Don’t skip such chapter that many others do.

6. Review your notes

Reviewing notes will make you sure that you are in right way. Also the notes contain lot of information in short way that can be revised in short time in effective way.

7. Turn off your mobile phones during study times

If your friends call you during exam time, two study problems may occur. At first, your study will be disturbed. It will be difficult to go back what you were doing. Secondly, they may talk about any things that may change your mind which will distract you. So turn off your mobile phone during exam time.

8. Meet another friend when you have difficulty during study

There may be many difficulties while studying. When the difficulties arises meet your classmates who can solve your problems.

Central Department of Environmental Science

Central Department of Environmental Science (CDES) was established in 26th October, 2001. It  launch post graduate and doctorate level education in environmental science and technology.

Currently the department has launched different special papers to produce the manpower to meet the demand of nation and to address the current issue in environment. Fresh water conservation and management, Mountain Environment and Sustainable Development are the recently updated special paper course titles. Environmental science being a multi disciplinary science, CDES run work workshops, special training programs and exposure collaborating with different organization to improve the field knowledge of the students along with regular courses.

Since its inception, the department is planning to work hand in hand with the development partners maintaining its academic freedom. The department is currently collaborating with different governmental and nongovernmental organizations. The main collaborating partners are Ministry of Environment, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Local Development, Association for the Development of Environment and People in Transition (ADAPT), Nepal Integrated Development Society (IDS),Nepal Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD) , the Glacial Trust, United Kingdom, The small Earth Nepal (SEN).